Visions of Utopia in Bellamys Looking Backward Essay -- Looking Back

Dreams of Utopia in Looking Backwardâ â Edward Bellamy tended to a considerable lot of the subjects pivotal to the improvement of a human progress in his book, Looking Backward. In the story he tends to a few unique highlights of years past utopias. Some being widespread amicability, dissemination of occupation as indicated by singular aptitudes, fairness of remuneration, all inclusive simplicity and solace, decrease of long periods of work, concealment of inertness, of rivalry, of the battle forever, and furthermore for cash (De Laveleye). A significant number of these points Bellamy addresses in a positive way; while others he doesn't. In Bellamy's book, Looking Backward, a character named Julian West experiences a sleeping disorder. Due to his condition, he is placed into a soundproof chamber. He nods off and doesn't wake up for more than one hundred years. His story is about the human advancement that he finds when he awakens. America has formed into a communist nation and is remaining near the precarious edge of perfect world. Bellamy addresses imbalance in his book, Looking Backward. In the bygone eras; imbalance was relieved by making the ravenous mechanical. In this new perfect world, there is no requirement for imbalance since everybody has the equivalent. There will be no individual creation of property and no individual aggregation of it. It will be created by the state, and appropriated by the state similarly to all people, with no reference to their capacity in delivering it, mentally or truly (Harris). This just expresses in Bellamy's perfect world it has no effect what your social standing is; everybody is given a similar measure of provisions and cash. Bellamy addresses the conveyance of callings in Looking Backward. It is very evident to understand that the more pl... ...talk it now and again. Thusly, Bellamy tires to show that his ideal world is non-prejudicial. Edward Bellamy tended to a few extremely intense subjects in his book, Looking Backward. He did this by endeavoring to make an intriguing story with regards to which individuals could discover his perspectives on the fate of America as an ideal world. In spite of the fact that his endeavor at scholarly distinction fizzled; Bellamy succeeded in presenting potential answers for huge numbers of the issues that despite everything plague our nation today: reasonable occupation position, material belongings and neediness, unregulated private enterprise, and separation. Reference index Taylor, Walter Fuller. Edward Bellamy, The Economic Novel. 1897 Bowman, Sylvia E. Bellamy's Missing Chapter, The New England Quarterly. 1958 DeLaveleye, Emile. Two New Utopia's, Contemporary Review. 1890 Harris, W.T. Edward Bellamy's Vision, The Forum. 1889

What Is A Carbon Footprint Environmental Sciences Essay

What Is A Carbon Footprint Environmental Sciences Essay there are numerous definitions utilized by various associations; a carbon impression is The aggregate sum of ozone depleting substances created to legitimately and by implication bolster human exercises, normally communicated in comparable huge amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) (timeforchange.org); The all out arrangement of ozone depleting substance discharges caused straightforwardly and in a roundabout way by a [individual, occasion, association, product] communicated as CO2.'(carbon trust). A few associations, for example, direct.gov and the carbon trust give online adding machines which permit people and organizations to ascertain their individual carbon impression and how you can proceed to limit as well as counterbalance it. Government crusades and activities, for example, Act on CO2 empower and give data on how the CO2 yield can be decreased (which is the fundamental supporter of nursery impact) by making changes to their way of life and day by day schedule. For family units th is incorporates changing to vitality effective lights, exchanging of apparatuses when not being used and lessening the temperature of clothing washes. For organizations there are motivations and helps, for example, online assistance for lessening co2 discharges and costs, carbon studies and 0% intrigue credits for vitality productive gear overhauls (carbon trust). Organizations, for example, carbon trust set up by the administration are giving  £50 million in intrigue free advances to enable the open area to spare vitality. Unmistakably an impetus for the two people and organizations is that decreasing their carbon impression will definitely set aside them cash; supplanting an old kettle (10-15 yrs old) with and vitality productive evaporator could spare a family unit  £90 every year. (direct) Savings, for example, these are a sufficient driver to urge those individuals to think about diminishing their carbon impression. Anyway it is critical to consider if introductory expenses are generally little and how simple and down to earth it is to roll out these improvements. ( exoand on this) There is a need to diminish the CO2 emanations commitment to ozone harming substances (GHG) contrasted with other GHG as the activities of people generally adds to Co2 . Since the last modern transformation there has been an ascent to several billions of tons for every year from human ozone harming substance emmisions. Figure 1 shows human delivered ozone depleting substances. Figure 1 Right now more than 30 billion tons of CO2 is radiated every year by the consuming of petroleum derivatives which discharges co2 straightforwardly into the air. 7 billion tons is discharged from land use changes, for example, deforestation which changes the characteristic procedure of trees expelling Co2 from the air. (actonco2) various exercises which contribute incorporate; Industry: over 40%, Buildings (homes, workplaces and so forth: about 31%, transportations: around 22% and Agriculture; about 4%. (robert henderson) The commitment from other GHG to an unnatural weather change can be determined by changing over them into their carbon comparable (carbonfootprint.com) The past visual cue depicts the carbon discharges of various divisions and nations. There is an expanding requirement for organizations in the private and open area and nearby specialists to decrease carbon outflows just as people. The UK government is acquainting new enactment all together with meet the objective of lessening discharges by 80% by 2050. This enactment incorporates charging organizations if their vitality use is more noteworthy than 6000MWh every year. (reference). On the off chance that these prerequisites are not met, at that point the outcome is being set in a low class table (carbon impression crc) and the chance of confronting different punishments. EU and UK enactment with respect to diminishing carbon emanations and vitality in the UK is examined in sectionxxxx of this report. Neighborhood specialists are urged to be fore wildernesses of fighting a worldwide temperature alteration in their regions and social orders; urging others to cause changes so as to decrease carbon discharges. Nearby specialists should figure the carbon emanations of the ir structures and administrations yearly and report them to DEFRA. Under new guidelines they are urged to bring issues to light of diminishing carbon impressions in the neighborhood carbonfootprint.com). The Carbon discharges of LAs will be distributed yearly. There are likewise various crusades, for example, Act on Co2 being promoted to people in general to feature the issue of carbon emanations. The Government is squeezing inhabitants, purchasers and the general population for making their structures more vitality productive. Vitality Performance Certificates (EPCs) were presented in 2008 (carbon foot) and are required when a structure is developed, sold or leased. It rates the vitality execution of a structure; educating purchasers, potential inhabitants if the structure is vitality effective. A suggestion report is constantly delivered alongside the declaration posting the potential chances to expand the structures vitality productivity. Landowners are available to Heavy punishments of 12.5% of the rateable estimation of the structure if an EPC isn't introduced when mentioned by an inhabitant/purchaser. The comparable for open structures are Display Energy Certificates; where the structure is evaluated on its operational effectiveness like clockwork, with the outcome testament showed in a publically obvious spot (cfprint) How is a carbon impression determined? Online mini-computers gave by organistations including direct.gov, carbon trust and carbon impression permit the two organizations and family units to ascertain their carbon impression. So as to get a precise thought of a carbon impression it is imperative to utilize number crunchers managed by Government bodies. For families, information which is generally sort for computation of the impression are measurements, for example, gas and power charges, engine vehicle mileage and Miles per Gallon (MPG) the items contained in homes and the principle wellspring of warming the home gas or power (follow up on co2),. For organizations this can incorporates the entirety of the above just as worker travel and fuel usuage for instance. A carbon impression is made up pf the whole of an essential impression and an optional impression These are characterized via Carbon Footprint Ltd. underneath 1. The essential impression is a proportion of our immediate discharges of CO2 from the copying of petroleum derivatives including residential vitality utilization and transportation (for example vehicle and plane). We have direct control of these. 2. The optional impression is a proportion of the circuitous CO2 emanations from the entire lifecycle of items we utilize those related with their assembling and inevitable breakdown. To put it basically the more we purchase the more discharges will be caused for our benefit. The diagram beneath shows the principle components of a people way of life which adds to a carbon impression. The pie graph above shows the fundamental components which make up the aggregate of a run of the mill people carbon impression in the created world. This is distinctive for inhabitants of different nations; on normal a UK occupant has a yearly carbon impression if 11.6 tons; 40% production/development, food 5%, administrations 6% lodging 20%. Contrasted with a US inhabitant of 25.9 tons 38% assembling/development, food 45%, administrations 6%, lodging 18%, individual travel 34% and occupant of Africa occupant 0.9% from administrations exclusively ( robert henderson book) The most effective method to lessen a carbon impression When considering decreasing and how to lessen a carbon impression it is critical to think about the people way of life and for an organization; the sort of business. Everybody has various existences and will have the option to make contrasts relying upon their way of life. A few people require voyaging abroad for example so it might be hard to limit travel co2 outflows. In practically all occurrences lessening co2 emanations unavoidably brings about diminishing expenses in the long haul. Changes can be made in all parts of life so as to lessen a carbon impression; this remembers for the home, changing vehicle and travel, shopping and reusing. Starting expenses exceed advantage At home changing to low vitality lights, and putting resources into upper room protection can decrease the vitality lost in a home bringing about less vitality and cash required to warm it. Some service organizations additionally permit clients to indicate that a few or the entirety of the force provided to your house is from inexhaustible sources (roberthenderson). This works by the organization placing vitality into the lattice in a sum equivalent to your utilization. Families could likewise change to sustainable power sources, for example, photovoltaics and wind turbines. The advantages and truth of such advancements littler families will be examined in sectionxxx Organizations Table xxx demonstrates strategies to help lessen an indivuals carbon impression Home Travel shopping Business-structures item Space protection Change to cycling and strolling Consider the materials utilized and transport instrument for items Turning elcetircla hardware off around evening time Deisng for earth neighborly items Twofold coating Making less and shorter excursions via vehicle utilizes a great deal if vitality Pick neighborhood items, and ranchers advertise items and natural items Put resources into vitality sparing plant/innovation Draft excluders Pick vitality effective vehicles-cross breed Purchasing in vulk and ingeredients rather than instant nourishments Introduce development touchy lights in lower utilized territories, for example, toilets Hole divider protection Plan course, spare fuel, time and cash getting lost Improve protection and bringing down the indoor regulator temperature Carbon balancing Carbon balancing is the way toward making up for carbon outflows which are commonly unavoidable (i.e way of life fundamentals) by financing a proportionate co2 sparing undertaking elsewhere. carbon credits are granted so as to adjust to discharges from characterized exercises estimated in carbon dioxide proportional (co2e) (qas). It is profoundly focused on (act n co2) that carbon counterbalancing isn't an option in contrast to diminishing a people/associations carbon outflows to battle environmental change yet give a component to decrease GHG discharges in the most practical and econom

Alcohols Effects on Testosterone

Alcohols Effects on Testosterone Addiction Alcohol Use Print Alcohols Effects on Testosterone Study May Explain Aggressive Behavior in Some Drinkers By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 Westend61/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Although most research has demonstrated that alcohol inhibits the secretion of testosterone, there is one study that found that alcohol can sometimes induce a rapid increase in plasma and brain concentrations of testosterone.?? This finding, that some level of alcohol consumption might increase testosterone in the brain for some individuals, could explain why alcohol causes some people to become aggressive while intoxicated. It could also explain some other behavioral effects associated with increased testosterone levels, such as increased libido, the authors suggested. We have demonstrated that there are very different results in the way two different groups of male rats form testosterone after acute administration of alcohol, said Robert H. Purdy, of The Scripps Research Institute and senior author of the study. These differences in animals may reflect similar individual differences in humans, and provide new insights for understanding individual differences in the behavioral and endocrine pathology associated with ?alcohol abuse.?? Neuroactive Steroids Measured According to the published report, researchers injected either alcohol or 1,1-dideuteroethanol (2 g alcohol/kg body weight) into the abdominal cavities of two groups of rats, 30 un-operated and 24 adrenalectomized and castrated (ADX/GDX) Wistar males. 1,1-dideuteroethanol is a nonradioactive form of alcohol in which two of the hydrogen atoms on carbon atom #1 of ethanol have been replaced by deuterium atoms, which can then be traced.?? They then used mass spectrometry to determine both the number of neuroactive steroids present and the degree of deuterium in specific neuroactive steroids isolated from brain samples. Fourfold Increase in Testosterone The investigators found that concentrations of testosterone increased fourfold in the frontal cortex and threefold in the plasma of the unoperated rats 30 minutes after alcohol administration.?? ADX/GDX rats had testosterone concentrations that were only 5% of those found in the unoperated rats after alcohol injection. The findings demonstrated that alcohol oxidation is directly linked to testosterone biosynthesis, the authors said.?? Direct Alcohol-Testosterone Link Unanticipated Our finding of a direct link between alcohol administration and the level of the neuroactive steroid testosterone in the brain of these experimental animals was unanticipated from prior studies with another species of rats, Purdy said. Although many other studies clearly demonstrate that chronic consumption of high dosages of alcohol appears to be consistently inhibitory and suppresses reproductive function, said Dennis D. Rasmussen, research associate professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Washington, this study raises the possibility that episodes of alcohol consumption may also at least temporarily increase testosterone levels, with the direction of the response likely being dependent upon a variety of factors, including dosage and personal characteristics. This particular dosage produced blood alcohol levels and behavioral responses consistent with intoxication. So, alcohol consumption, under at least some conditions and by at least some individuals, may acutely stimulate testosterone levels in the plasma and brain of both males and females and thus could elicit some of the behavioral effects associated with increased testosterone levels, such as increased libido or aggression. The Role of Testosterone and Alcohols Effects The studys findings join those of other studies in which alcohol administration increased plasma testosterone levels in a gender- and dose-dependent manner. Together these studies are important, he said, because they illustrate that what has become a largely accepted principleâ€"that alcohol consumption inhibits plasma testosterone levels and reproductive functionâ€"is not universally true. Rasmussen suggested that future research builds upon and adds to previous findings regarding alcohols effects on testosterone. Does Tolerance Develop Over Time? It would be important to determine whether lower dosages of alcohol, which do not induce rapid pronounced intoxication and ataxia, would also produce the acute increase in testosterone, and whether this response to lower dosages would be consistent across different strains of rats. Also, does tolerance develop with repeated administrations? he asked. Does this increase in testosterone occur following elective self-administration of alcohol? Rasmussen said. Finally, and probably most interesting, what role might the demonstrated changes in testosterone play in behavioral responses to acute ethanol consumption? Are there gender differences in these responses? And, if the responses do occur in females, are they different during different stages of a womans cycle?

Definition and Examples of Embolalia in Speech

The term embolalia refers to hesitation forms in  speech — meaningless filler words, phrases, or stammerings such as um, hmm, you know, like, okay, and uh. It is also called  filler, spacers, and vocal filler. Embolalia comes from two Greek words meaning something thrown in. In The Painted Word (2013),  Phil Cousineau observes that embolalia is a near-perfect word to describe what we all do at some point in our lives — we throw words around without thinking about them. Examples and Observations Um, this is a fairly unique moment both in our, you know, in our country’s history, and, and in, in, you know, my own life, and um, you know, we are facing, you know, unbelievable challenges, our economy, you know, health care, people are losing their jobs here in New York obviously um, ah, you know. (Caroline Kennedy, in an interview conducted by Nicholas Confessore and David M. Halbfinger of The New York Times, Dec. 27, 2008)Mrs. Kennedy has managed variously to seem utterly opaque while lacking in the basic skills of plain speaking. There has been not a little mockery of her dependence in conversation on the verbal filler, you know. She was heard to utter it 138 times in a conversation with reporters from The New York Times. In a single TV interview, she reportedly galloped past the 200 mark. Thats a lot of you knows. (David Usborne, Now Voters Turn Against Kennedys Stuttering Campaign. The Independent, Jan. 7, 2009)Uh, in a school. And my father, he was, uh, from the Unite d States. Just like you, ya know? He was a Yankee. Uh, he used to take me a lot to the movies. I learn. I watch the guys like Humphrey Bogart, James Cagney. They, they teach me to talk. (Al Pacino as Tony Montana in the film Scarface)Ive heard about it. I hope you go — you know — I hope you go back to the ranch and the farm is what Im about to say. (President George W. Bush, explaining that he hadnt yet seen the film Brokeback Mountain, Jan. 23, 2006) Throwing Words Around The nervous, I mean, stammering habit of, you know, inserting, I mean kinda throwing meaningless words into, you know, a sentence, when youre, ah, talking. Tossing in the word throw was no accident, as evident in its  root word, the Greek emballein, from em, in, and ballein, to throw in or at . . .. So embolalia turns out to be a sixty-four-dollar-word to describe the habit of throwing around words without thinking . . .. The habit is characterized by often uncontrollable utterances  (hmm, umm, errr), and is a cringeworthy nervous tic in languages everywhere. The cause may be a general deterioration of the spoken word, or a lack of respect for it, sheer nervousness, or a disdain for proper, poetic, or colorful use of the language. (Phil Cousineau,  The Painted Word: A Treasure Chest of Remarkable Words and Their Origins. Viva, 2013)​ In Defense of Verbal Stumbles Modish public speaking coaches will tell you that its OK to say uh or um once in a while, but the prevailing wisdom is that you should avoid such disfluencies or discourse particles entirely. Its thought that they repel listeners and make speakers appear unprepared, unconfident, stupid, or anxious (or all of these together). . . .But uh and um dont deserve eradication; theres no good reason to uproot them. . . . Filled pauses appear in all of the worlds languages, and the anti-ummers have no way to explain, if theyre so ugly, what euh in French, or à ¤h and à ¤hm in German, or eto and ano in Japanese are doing in human language at all. . . .In the history of oratory and public speaking, the notion that good speaking requires umlessness is actually a fairly recent, and very American, invention. It didnt emerge as a cultural standard until the early 20th century, when the phonograph and radio suddenly held up to speakers ears all the quirks and warbles that, before then, had flitted by. (Michael Erard, â€Å"An Uh, Er, Um Essay: In Praise of Verbal Stumbles.† Slate, July 26, 2011)

A Brief Note On Membrane Technologies And Its Effect On...

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Membrane technologies usually play a big role in wastewater treatment processes. Recently, due to the stricter regulation for drinking water quality, improvements of membrane materials and modules, smaller footprint, relative simplicity of installation, membrane technologies have drawn an increasing attention in water treatment processes [1]. Recent years, population growth, urbanization and industrialization has rapidly increased the clean water demand, however, the anthropogenic activities brought by these development, such as wastewater discharge, waste disposal and fertilization, has endangered the water supply by polluting water resources. Especial for the drinking water supply,†¦show more content†¦Membrane technology was firstly used for desalting purpose. In order to improve drinking water supply, sea water desalination has been employed in many coastal areas as a supply of high-quality water, without impairing natural freshwater ecosystems [3]. Membrane technology desalination facilities, based on reverse osmosis technology, has been employed past two decade to replace early large-scale thermal desalination which results in a large emission of greenhouse gases. At present, reverse osmosis is the most energy-efficient technology for seawater desalination and is the benchmark for comparison for any new desalination technology [3]. As the developing of the technology and increasing high quality water supply, some other pressure-driven membrane technologies have been employed for multiple purposes in water treatment industry, including desalting, disinfection by-product (DBP) control, disinfection (pathogen removal), clarification, and removal of inorganic and synthetic organic chemicals[2]. Besides this, other related membrane technologies, such as MBR technology, also have been employed to upgrade the conventional water treatment facilities to meet the higher water quality requirement. 2. APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESS During last few years, membrane technology has been widely accepted as a means of producing high quality clean water from variety of water resources. In addition to

Critical Response Essay Free Essays

In the article â€Å"Pandemic or Panic† (2010) by Brian Molloy and the article â€Å"Hindsight is easy† (2010) by Erica Grove, they both discuss the way WHO response to the outbreak of H1N1 influenza and they present different perspectives on how the money was spent on and how the resource was distributed. Molloy is neutral about the WHO’s response of H1N1 influenza outbreak, while Molloy is highly skeptical. First, Molloy argues that WHO send everyone into a panic about H1N1, but it is not the threat people imaged it to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Response Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Grove, however, states that it is necessary for the WHO and the government to take  the threat of H1N1 seriously. Next, Molloy claims that British government spend a lot of money on vaccine which makes two major pharmaceutical companies earn billions from swine flu, and there is a conflict of interest between the government and drug manufactures. He believes that this money should be spent on a right situation like helping disable instead of treating flu. Grove also believes that there is a mismanagement of the distribution of vaccine. Discussion: Molloy claims that the WHO and the government spends massive expenditure on doses of vaccine, while the death rate  for H1N1 is far low than for ordinary influenza. He criticizes the reports of H1N1 cases are exaggerated which send people into a panic about H1N1. By contrast, Grove states that the WHO did not overreact to the crisis. Rather, she feels grateful that the authorities took the threat of a pandemic seriously. She also points out that everything is always better to overprepare than to underprepare. Molloy appears to have overlooked that the powerful of virus can be. In fact, there are a couple of factors like infectivity, severity and lethality which can all affect the strength of a virus. Transmission is also a key factor to determine how the virus spread and be identified. As Molloy mentions that the death rate for H1N1 is relatively low than for ordinary pandemic, it does not mean that H1N1 is a weak influenza. Perhaps the low death rate is due to early trace the source, infected people are well isolated from the rest of the community in order to control the spread of H1N1, or synthesis of a new vaccine by scientists in a short period of time. These could be one of the reasons of why the death rate for H1N1 is low. In this sense, Molloy fail to notice that. How to cite Critical Response Essay, Essays

Leaders and Leadership Theories

Question: Discuss about the Leaders and Leadership Theories. Answer: Introduction This research presents an evaluation and analysis on the leadership theories that are very much required in an organization. The study of leadership theory and approaches help in evaluation of the theories and traits of the leaders in an organization (Gardner, Cogliser, Davis, Dickens, 2011). With the time, gradually there are various types of changes take place in the development and growth of the leadership. The report identifies the traits and qualities of the leaders that are necessary to motivate and to manage the organization. There are various types of theories like contingency theory, situational theory, behavioral theory, exchange theory, path-goal theory, new leadership models, etc. these all theories and there summarize version will provide an in-depth understanding to the learners (Cummings et al, 2010). Leadership and Roles of individual as leaders in implementation of the leadership activities in various contexts within the organizations There are various types of activities performed by the leaders. The major activities performed by the leaders are- Team building activities Employee engagement activities Leadership insights Performance management Productivity of the employees Effective meetings Maintenance of good relations with the employees In-house coaching Training and development of the employees Motivation and morale of the employees Facilitation Control and observation on the performance Focusing a team Self-development Team leading challenge Inventory management Preparation and successful execution To overcome with the problems of the leaders and to execute the leadership theories the organizations have to apply effective approaches so that the performance of the organization can become better and they will be able to achieve competitive advantage. A leader must have clear mission and vision for all the problems present in the company so that they can establish strategic planning on them and bring improvement. The problem can be resolved by the implication of the transparent communication between the employees and employers of the company. It establishes good relation between them. There is a need of break down silo and also to enables an organization that has less boundaries. An essay on individual reflection Challenges faced by the leaders In this individual reflection, I would like to say that there are various types of emerging challenges faced by the leaders. Being a leader, its not easy to work peacefully as they have to face different types of issues and problems. The work done by the leaders is rewarding as they experience various phases and identified their hidden potential to manage the situation in the best way they can do it (Kellerman, 2012). These are some points that will let us know about the challenges faced by the leaders- Isolation- It is the real situation of leaders as they have to make tough decision by their own. The leaders are required to be their own boss. The leaders have to maintain the privacy of the individual to himself only as they cannot expose each and every problem to the top level of the management (Gardner et al, 2010). This isolation may leads in loneliness, conflicts, frustration but still the leaders have to prepare them and make effective decisions Lack of honest feedback- The leaders are unable to provide honest feed back to the employees as they wait for the right time. Lack of emotional intelligence- Emotional intelligence plays a vital role to be self-aware, self-regulate, social awareness, and social regulation (Leppan, Metcalf, Benn, 2010). Lack of the skills and talent to lead from a place of influence- Sometimes there is a lack of the skills and talent to lead from a place of influence rather than authority so that the leaders can establish good relation with the employees (Klenke, 2016). Management and leading the changes effectively- It is a global challenge faced by the leaders to manage and implement changes in the organization. Thinking big picture and systematically- The work of the leaders is to pull the individuals form the daily routine and to make them ready for the big picture. The big picture here depicts the organizational goal (Day, Fleenor, Atwater, Sturm, McKee, 2014). Challenges faced by team/ group Being a part of a team, I noticed that there are lots of challenges and issues faced by the team members and group like there is absences of the identity to the team members, difficulty in the decision making, poor communication the team members are unable to resolve the conflicts by their own, lack of participation, lack of creativity, personal thinking, the in effectiveness in the leadership, etc. External and internal roles of the leaders Internal factors According to my point of view, the internal factors that are crucial in nature are motivation, hard work, potential of the employees, etc. the leaders have to manage the effectiveness and efficiency of the company and the leaders (Avey, Palanski, Walumbwa, 2011). External factors The most crucial external factors for the leaders are change management and competition. There are lots of competitors present in the external environment of the business that has to be managed by the leaders of the company (Auerbach, 2012). In order to have competitive advantage, the leaders have to take effective steps for the company. Other factors can be socio-economic, cultural, technological, legal, ethical, legal, etc. (Bolden, 2011) Importance of leaders with the leadership traits I have studied that the traits of the leaders plays a vital role as they help the leaders as well as company to provide surety that this particular leaders would be able to manage the business organization properly. There are is big debate on the statement that the leaders are made not born. The true leaders generally ignore such arguments and they only concentrate on their work (Dinh et al, 2014). There are various types of qualities that are found in an effective leader if a leader is able to display these qualities which he actually posses then he can be a good leader. The qualities and traits are: Honesty Forward-looking Competent Inspiring Intelligent (Cummings et al, 2010) The positive factors for the successful workforce culture and team engagement My point of view on the factors to be a successful leader is the contribution of the leaders in the successful workforce culture and team engagement of the business organization. It can be done by application of prominent leadership theories and management of the team. (Northouse, 2012). The major factors that contributes in the employee and team engagement at the workplace are- Career development opportunity- A career development opportunity the employee is very important as it help the employees and team to realize them that they are equally important. There is a need to provide them informal learning program. Flexibility - Flexibility is the other factor that contributes in the engagement of the team and employees. It provides employees flexibility according to which they show their creativity. Fair pay structure - Fair pay structure is a fair and sensitive issue that lays a vital role in the engagement. It motivated the employees and it results in better performance of the employees. A learning culture - The Company must adopt a learning culture in their company. It helps the in the employee engagement and ultimately it help in the achievement of the companys goal. Recommendations for the issues of leadership and problems As per my views, there are various types of problems faced by the leaders of an organization as they have to manage the entire organization using their skills and knowledge. The problems are the part of each and every organization. It is the essence of the leadership. But this could not affect the goal achievement of the company (Quera, Beltran, Dolado, 2010). There are various ways by which leaders can manage the issues and problems and turn them as an opportunity. It can be done through self-promotion, power-plays, management of resources, work-life-management, etc. the competitors are the biggest external theory for the leaders. To overcome with these problems, the leaders have to apply effective theories so that the performance of the organization can become better and they will be able to achieve competitive advantage. A leader must have clear mission and vision for all the problems present in the company so that they can establish strategic planning on them and bring improvement. The problem can be resolved by the implication of the transparent communication between the employees and employers of the company. It establishes good relation between them. There is a need of break down silo and also to enables an organization that has less boundaries. It helps in better communication and relations. The employees and employers working in an organization must have open mind and broad senses. It is one of the factors that help in better management of the company ad human asset. The leaders also have to concentrate to establish a solid foundation strategy within the company as it helps in strong background and base of the employees. Conclusion The conclusion of the study states that leadership plays a vital role in the management and motivation of the employees and workforce working in an organization. The structure of the report is that in the beginning there was discussion on the role and responsibilities of the leaders and implementation of the theories of the leadership in an organization which is very important but the implementation must be effective and successful. There are various types of challenges faced by the leaders in management of group and teams but theories can help the company. The fact is that the Leaders perform internal and external roles that tell about the effectiveness of leadership in an organization. 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